All Subsidiary Tables related to 1961 Census except Tables B-1.6 and B-II.3 are being published in Parts I-C(i) and I-C(ii). It was considered appropriate to publish Tables B-1.6 and B-II.3 as a separate Census Paper because of the specialised nature of the data contained in these tables which may be used by research scholars and demographers. In Table B-I.6, workers are classified by broad industrial categories and by States and Union Territories from 1901/1911-1961. In Table B-II.3, workers in each city and town group are classified by broad industrial categories from 1901/1911-1961. For each Table, workers per 1,000 of population and distribution of workers by broad industrial categories per 1,000 of total workers are also worked out.
Comparable series of working force were published for the first time in Paper No. 1 of 1962 (Final Population Totals). The methodology, on the basis of which the present Tables have been prepared, has since undergone some change as a result of incorporating the suggestions of the Study Group on Comparability of Census Economic Classification set up by this office. The Tables were prepared in the Research Unit of this office and Har Gopal Saini, V. A. Deshmukh, H. C. Agarwal, Prem Kanta, Ved Prakash and R. K. Choudhary assisted in the intricate computational work involved in these Tables. Shri B. R. Kalra, Research Officer under whose guidance the tabulation was done has done a commendable job. To all of them my thanks are due.
New Delhi
A. CHANDRA SEKHAR,
The methodology used for working out figures of workers and non-workers in 1901-1951 (except 1941) and their distribution in nine borad industrial categories according to 1961 Census is given below. The figures in Subsidiary Tables B-I.6 and B-II.3 are worked out on the lines of this methodology.
All earning dependents in respect of their own (secondary) means of livelihood other than those who derived their secondary means of livelihood from:-
(a) Receipt agricultural rent under Class IV, and
(b) Non-agricultural non- productive occupations. ( For calculating working force, no account has been made of the self-supporting persons whose principal means of livelihood was non-agricultural non-productive but who had a productive secondary means of livelihood, as unlike rent receivers in Class IV, these persons were lumped in class VIII and did not have a separate class of principal or secondary means of livelihood).
Earning dependents, however, were classified only into 8 livelihood classes and there was no further break-up of them into divisions and sub-divisions or groups.
On the experience of 1961 it was presumed that the earning dependent in 1951 also generally belonged to the household sector and were mostly family workers in the non-household sector. This is of course a big assumption to make but seems warranted by 1961 experience. Livelihood Class V corresponds with, Division, O-3 of ISIC. Workers in household industry at two-digit level in 1961 covering Divisions 0-3 of ISIC, were added to family workers at non-household industry and their proportions at two-digit level were worked out for livelihood Class V of 1951. The earning dependents of livelihood Class V of 1951 were allocated to major groups of ISIC on the basis of the proportions so worked out. Earning dependents in livelihood Class VI, VII and VIII of 1951 were allocated to major groups of 1961 on the basis of the distribution of the family workers of 1961. For this purpose, family workers of major groups for 1961 were first recast into livelihood classes of 1951 and their proportions for each livelihood class were worked out. The earning dependent belongings to each livelihood class were then distributed on the basis of the proportions so worked out. The figures so obtained at major group level were consolidated into nine industrial categories on 1961.
The following groups of self-supporting persons were included in non-agricultural Class VIII:-
(a) Persons living principally on income from non-agricultural property,
(b) Pensioners and remittance holder,
(c) Inmates of Jails, asylums, alms-houses and recipients of doles, beggars and vagrants, and
(d) Other persons livings principally on income derived from non-productive activity;
Workers:
(i) All earners following productive occupations; and
(ii) All working dependents following productive occupations.
Non-Workers:
(i) All non-working dependents; and
(ii) Earners and working dependents following non-productive occupations:-
(a) Non-cultivating proprietors taking rent in money or kind;
(b) Proprietors ( other than agricultural land), fund, scholarship holders and pensioners;
(c) Inmates of jails, asylums and alms-houses;
(d) Beggars and vagrants;
(e) Procurers and prostitutes ; and
(f) Other unclassified non-productive industries.
Wokers:
All “Actual workers” having productive occupations.
Non-workers:
(i) All “dependents”; and
(ii) All “Actual workers” in non-productive occupations as stated in case of 1931 Census.
Workers:
All “Actual workers” having productive occupations.
Non-Workers:
(i) All “dependents” and
(ii) “Actual workers” in non- productive occupations:
(a) Rent receivers;
(b) Prostitutes, procurers, pimps; etc.;
(c) Receivers of stolen goods.;
(d) Witches, wizards, cow-poisoners; etc;
(e) House-rent, share and other property not being land;
(f) Allowances for patrons or relatives;
(g) Educational or other endowments, scholarships, etc.;
(h) Mendicancy (not in connection with a religious order); and
(i) Pensioners, inmates of asylums, prisoners, etc.
The statement indicates the reclassification of groups and sub-divisions in earlier censuses on the lines of 1961 broad industrial classification.
The figures presented in Table B-I.6 are on the basis of re-organised States and are, thus, comparable. Changes into district level have been effected by including or excluding and entire district from a particular state as the case was. Adjustment below district level were made on the basis of population on a pro-rate basis, similarly, figures of working force for cities and towns in TableB-II.3 are also adjusted on the basis of comparative figures of population on a pro-rate basis.
| S. No. | Description | 1961 | 1951 | 1931 | 1921 | 1911 | 1901 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | Groups | Groups | Groups | ||||
| 1 | Working as cultivators | Industrial Category I | Livelihood Categories I & II | 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 | 2, 3 | 2, 3 | 36(part), 37, 40, 52, 56 |
| 2 | Working as Agricultural Labourers | Industrial Category II | Livelihood Category III | 7 | 4, 5 | 4 | 30, 39 |
| 3 | Working in Plantations, etc | Division 0 | Sub-division 0-1 to 0.6 | 9 to 28, 53, 76 | 6 to 18, 42, 74 | 5 to 15, 35, 65 | 25 to 32, 34 to 35(a), 41 to 51, 53, 58, 59, 78, 79, 83, 113, 114, 125, 131, 259, 319, 346, 354, 356, 358, 360, 492, 493 |
| 4 | Working in Mining and Quarrying | Division I | 1.0 to 1.7 | 29 to 41 | 19 to 24 | 16 to 20 | 146, 147, 153, 154, 309 to 311(a), 503 |
| 5 | Working in manufacturing including Household Industry | Division 2 &3 | 2-0 to 2-9, 3.0 to 3.8, 4.0 to 4.9, 9.71 | 42 to 52, 54 to 75, 77 to 84, 87 to 89, 91 to 93, 95 to 99, 179 | 25 to 41, 43 to 73, 75 to 79, 83 to 85, 87, 90 to 92, 94 to 100 | 21 to 34, 36 to 64, 66 to 70, 74 to 76, 80 to 82, 84, 86 to 94 | 76, 77, 82, 84 to 96, 98 to 100, 102, 103, 106 to 112, 115, 116, 119, 120, 127, 129, 133, 135, 138 to 141, 143, 145, 151, 152, 155, 157, 160, 161, 166 to 171, 173 to 176, 178 to 186, 190, 193 to 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 220, 222 to 227, 229 to 232, 234 to 244, 246, 248 to 253, 255 to 258, 260, 262 to 273, 275, 277 to 279, 281, 283 to 288, 290, 292, 294 to 299, 300(a), 301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 312(a), 312, 313, 314, 316, 317, 320, 321, 322, 323(a), 324, 326, 327, 328, 330, 331, 332, 334, 335, 336(a), 338, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 367, 368, 370, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378 to 388, 391, 484, 505(a) |
| 6 | Working in Construction | Division 4 | 5-0 to 5.4 | 90, 10, 51, 06, 113 | 86, 88, 89, 108, 109, 111, 112, 119 | 77 to 79, 96, 98, 104 | 162 to 165, 406, 500, 501, 502 |
| 7 | Working in Trade and Commerce | Dvision 6 | 6-0 to 6.8 | 115 to 126, 128 to 152 | 121 to 129, 131 to 154 | 106 to 114, 116 to 136, 138 | 80, 81, 97, 101, 104, 105, 123, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 142, 144, 148 to 150, 156, 158, 159, 172, 177, 187, 189, 191, 192, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 221, 228, 233, 245, 247, 247, 254, 261, 270(a), 274, 276, 280, 282, 289, 291, 296, 300, 304, 315, 318, 323, 325, 329, 333, 337, 339, 345, 355, 357, 359, 366, 368, 371, 372, 377, 389, 390, 392 to 405, 408 |
| 8 | Working in transport, Storage & Communication | Division 7 | 7.0 to 7.9 | 101 to 104, 107 to 112, 114 | 104 to 107, 10, 113 to 118, 120 | 94, 95, 97, 99 to 103., 105 | 117, 118, 409 to 443 |
| 9 | Working in Other Services | Division 5 & 8 (except M.G. 89) | 5.5 to 5.7, 8.1 to 8.8, 9.1 to 9.6, 9.72, 9.73, 9.8 | 4, 85, 86, 94, 100, 127, 153 to 178, 155 to 179, 181 to 183 | 80 to 82, 93, 101, 102, 103, 130, 155 to 179, 181, 182, 183 | 71 to 73, 83, 85, 92, 93, 115, 137, 139 to 160, 162, 163 | 1 to 24, 33, 54, 55, 57, 60 to 75, 121, 122, 136 to 137(b), 188, 444 to 485, 487 to 491, 494 to 499, 520(a) |
| 10 | Unclassified and General Labour | M.G. 89 and Division 9 | 8.9, 9.0 | 188 to 191 | 184 to 187 | 164, 165, 166, 167 | 407, 486, 504, 505, . 505(b) |
