Concepts and Classifications

Classification of Rural Labour Households

This note vikasnsshhtype2014 points to a new problem in the methodology of classification of rural labour households, which was revised as part of the 68th round of NSSO. This problem has arisen on account of changes in the method that is used to convert the information on income shares into a scheme for classification of households.

In an attempt to correct some gaps in the method used for classification of rural households, NSSO has created serious conceptual problems in the scheme of categorisation. Changes in the method of classification introduced in the 68th round have made it impossible to separately identify agricultural labour and rural labour households in data from the 68th round survey.

Instead of correcting the way agricultural labour households and rural labour households were identified prior to the 68th round, NSSO has created new categories of households that are not only incomparable with the categories of agricultural labour households and rural labour households in earlier surveys, but have serious conceptual problems.

As a result, data for agricultural and rural labour households produced using the new scheme of classification are not comparable with the data reported in rural labour enquiries based on earlier rounds of NSSO surveys.

Scripts to read unit-level NSS data on Employment and Unemployment

These awk and shell scripts can be used to read NSS unit-level data and produce annotated databases out of them. The programmes are released under GNU GPL license. We are hosting these programmes for use by anyone who may be interested.

NSSO Reports on employment, unemployment and wages

Subject Report number Round
Employment and Unemployment in Rural Areas 114 16
Urban Labour Force 127 17
Employment and Unemployment in Rural and Urban Areas of India 173 19
Urban Labour Force 181(Draft) 19
Urban Labour Force 189 20
Employment and Unemployment in rural areas 190 17
Urban Labour Force 214 22
The survey on Employment and Unemployment- Gujarat 222/4 27
Survey on employment and unemployment, State Haryana 222/5 27
Survey on employment and unemployment, State Karnataka 222/8 27
Survey on employment and unemployment, State Madhya pradesh 222/10 27
The survey on Employment and Unemployment- Maharashtra 222/11 27
Survey on employment and unemployment, State Uttar pradesh 222/20 27
Survey on employment and unemployment, State- West Bengal 222/21 27
Urban Labour Force 244 22
The survey on Employment and Unemployment 255A 27
The survey on Employment and Unemployment 255/1 (Draft) 27
The survey on Employment and Unemployment 255/2 (Draft) 27
The survey on Employment and Unemployment 255/4 (Draft) 27
The survey on Employment and Unemployment 255/5 (Draft) 27
The survey on Employment and Unemployment 255/6 (Draft) 27
The survey on Employment and Unemployment 255/7 (Draft) 27
The survey on Employment and Unemployment 255/9 (Draft) 27
The survey on Employment and Unemployment 255/10 (Draft) 27
Employment and Unemployment in Cities 298A 32
Results of the second quinquinnial survey on Employment and Unemployment 298/2 32
Employment and Unemployment of Rural Labour Households 301/3 32
Report von the 2nd Quinquennial survey on employment and un-employment 298/5 32
Uttar Pradesh Employment and Unemployment 298/9 32
Report on the second quinquennial survey on employment and unemployment survey results- Kerala 298/10 32
Madhya Pradesh Employment and Unemployment 298/11 32
Karnataka Employment and Unemployment 298/13 32
Report on the second quinquennial survey on employment and unemployment survey results- Assam 298/15 32
Jammu and Kashmir-Quinquennial survey on Employment and Unemployment 298/17 32
Last three Quinquennial enquire for Employment and Unemployment 315 38
Third Quinquennial Survey on Employment and Unemployment 341 38
Employment/Unemployment situation in cities and towns during early eighties 341B 38
Report on the third quinquennial survey on employment and unemployment survey results- Andhra Pradesh 341/1 38
Report on the third quinquennial survey on employment and unemployment survey results- Kerala 341/3 (DRAFT) 38
Report on the third quinquennial survey on employment and unemployment survey results- Karnataka 341/5 38
Report on the third quinquennial survey on employment and unemployment survey results- Karnataka 341/6 38
Report on the third quinquennial survey on employment and unemployment survey results- Rajasthan 341/8 38
Report on the third quinquennial survey on employment and unemployment survey results- Assam 341/15 38
Report on the effect of drought on the pattern of employment and unemployment :A comparative study of the survey results of NSS 38th 350 39
Employment and Un-employment Situation of ST and SC during late eighties 371/A 43
Employment and Un-employment Situation of Cities and Town during late eighties 371/B 43
Report von the 4th Quinquennial survey on employment and un-employment 372 43
Third Annual survey on consumer Expenditure and Employment- Unemployment 381 45
Key Results on Employment & Unemployment 406 50
Employment & Unemployment in India,1993-94 409 50
Employment & Unemployment situation in cities and towns in India,1993-94 411 50
Participation of Indian women in house hold work and other specified activities, 1993-94 416* 50
Unemployed in India 1993-94: Salient Features 418 50
Employment & Unemployment situation among social groups in India,1993-94 425 50
Wages in kind, exchange of gifts and Expenditure on Ceremonies and Insurance in India,1993-94 428 50
Employment & Unemployment situation among social groups in India,1993-94 438 50
Employment & Unemployment in India,1999-2000 - Key results 455* 55
Employment & Unemployment situation in India, 1999-2000(Part-I) 458 (part-I)* 55
Employment & Unemployment situation in India, 1999-2000(Part-I-Corrigendum) 458 (part-I)*(corr) 55
Employment & Unemployment situation in India, 1999-2000(Part-II) 458 (part-II)* 55
Employment and Unemployment situation in Cities and Towns of India 1999-2000 462 55
Participants of Indian women in Household work and other specified activities, 1999-2000 465 55
Employment and Unemployment among religious groups in India, 1999-2000 468 55
Employment and Unemployment among social groups in India, 1999-2000 469 55
Employment and Unemployment situation in India, January - June 2004 506 60
Employment and Unemployment Situation in India Part-I 515 (part-I) 61
Employment and Unemployment Situation in India Part-II 515 (part-II) 61
Employment and Unemployment Situation Among Social Groups in India 2004-05 516 61
Employment and Unemployment Situation Among Social Groups in India 2004-05(corr) 516 (corr) 61
Participation of Women in Specified Activities along with Domestic Duties 2004-2005 518 61
Employment and Unemployment Situation in Cities and Towns in India 2004-05 520 61
Employment and Unemployment Situation among Major Religious Groups in India 2004-05 521 61
Employment and Unemployment Situation among Major Religious Groups in India 2004-05 Corrigendum 521 (corr) 61
Employment and Unemployment Situation in India 522 62
Employment and Unemployment Situation in India,2007-08: 531 64
Key Indicators of Employment and Unemployment in India, 2009-10 NSS KI (66/10) 66
Employment and Unemployment Situation in India, 2009-10 537 66
Employment and Unemployment Situation Among Social Groups in India 543 66
Home Based Workers in India 548 66
Report on Homebased Workers N/A N/A
Participation of Women in Specified Activities along with Domestic Duties 550 66
Employment and Unemployment situation among Major Religious Groups in India 552 66
Employment and Unemployment situation in cities and towns in India 553 66
MGNREGA:Preliminary Report based on Visit 3 & 4 N/A N/A
MGNREGA:Preliminary Report based on Visit 1,2 & 3 N/A N/A
MGNREGA:Preliminary Report based on Visit I N/A N/A
Key Indicators of Employment And Unemployment in India, 2011-12 NSS KI (68/10) 68
Corrigendum on Key Indicators of Employment And Unemployment in India, 2011-12 NSS KI (68/10) 68
Employment and Unemployment Situation in India, 2011-12 554 68
Participation of Women in Specified Activities along with Domestic Duties, NSS 68th Round (July 2011- June 2012) 559 68
Employment and Unemployment Situation Among Social Groups in India, NSS 68th Round (July 2011- June 2012) 563 68
Employment and Unemployment situation in Cities & Towns in India, NSS 68th Round 564 68
Employment and Unemployment Situation Among Major Religious Groups in India 2011-2012 568 68

Rural wages

Data on rural wages are available from following sources.

  1. Agricultural Wages in India published by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics
  2. Wage Rates in Rural India published by the Labour Bureau
  3. NSSO Surveys on Employment and Unemployment (EUS) and Labour Bureau’s Rural Labour Enquiries (based on EUS)

Yoshifumi Usami has been compiling data on rural wages from various official sources. He has painstakingly computerised a lot of old time series data on rural and agricultural wages, and has contributed it to this repository of data on Indian statistics. We are grateful to Usami for this very generous contribution.

Agricultural Wages in India (AWI)

“Agricultural Wages in India” are published annually by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture. Agricultural Wages in India reports provide a long time-series of data on agricultural and rural wages. AWI data are provided for selected “Centres”, which are specific villages in selected districts. In most States, data are provided for five categories of agricultural workers: Ploughman, Sower, Weeder, Reaper and Harvester, Other agricultural labour, and Herdsmen.

more..

NSSO/Labour Bureau Series on Wages Rates in Rural India

The NSSO/Labour Bureau series “Wage Rates in Rural India” is compiled by the NSSO and the Labour Bureau, Shimla. NSSO compiles these data and publishes them in “Prices and Wages in Rural India (New Series)”. Labour Bureau publishes the same data in the Indian Labour Journal and separately in a publication called the “Wage Rates in Rural India”.

more..

Migration

Following NSSO reports deal with internal migration in India.

Subject Report number Round
Internal Migration (Urban) 126 14, 15
Internal Migration (Rural) 128 14
Internal Migration 134 (draft) 14, 15
Internal Migration 182 18
Internal Migration (Urban) 186 18
Internal Migration 347 38
Some Aspects of Internal Migration 392 43
Migration in India 430 49
Migration in India, 1999-2000 470 55
Migration in India, 2007-08 533 64

Informal sector

Following NSSO reports on the informal sector may also be interest

Subject Report number Round
Household engaged in manufacturing of textiles and bamboo and cane for their own consumption in NE States 304 33
Unorganised manufacturing sector in India: Its size, employment and some key estimates 433 51
Unorganised manufacturing enterprises in India: Salient features 434 51
Assets and Borrowings of the unorganised manufacturing enterprise in India 435 51
Informal Sector in India, 1999-2000-Salient Features 459 55
Non agricultural workers in Informal Sector based on Employment Unemployment Survey, 1999 - 2000 460 55
Unorganised Manufacturing Sector in India 2000-01 - Key results 477 56
Unorganised Manufacturing Sector in India 2000-01 - Characteristics of Enterprises 478 56
Unorganised Manufacturing Sector in India 2000-01 - Employment, Assets and Borrowings 479 56
Unorganised Manufacturing Sector in India 2000-01 - Input, Output and value added 480 56
Unorganised Service Sector in India, 2001-02-Salient Feature 482 57
Unorganised Service Sector in India 2001-02 Characteristics of Enterprises. 483 57
Informal Sector and Conditions of Employment in India (Part-I) 519 (Part I) 61
Informal Sector and Conditions of Employment in India (Part-II) 519 (Part II) 61
Unorganised Manufacturing Sector in India-Employment, Assets and Borrowings 525 62
Unorganised Manufacturing Sector in India-Input,Output and Value Added 526 62
Informal Sector and Conditions of Employment in India 539 66
Informal sector and conditions of Employment in India, (July 2011- June 2012) 557 68

Bibliography

Bibliography

  • [vikasnsshhtype2014] Vikas Rawal, On Identification of Rural Labour Households in NSS Surveys, Statistics on Indian Economy and Society, (2014). link.
  • [basant1984attached] Basant, Attached and Casual Labour Wage Rates, Economic and Political Weekly, 390-396 (1984).
  • [chavanwages2006] Chavan & Bedamatta, Trends in agricultural wages in India 1964-65 to 1999-2000, Economic and Political Weekly, 4041-4051 (2006).
  • [indrani2011] Neetha & Indrani Mazumdar, Gender Dimensions: Employment Trends in India, 1993-94 to 2009-10, Economic and Political Weekly, 46(43), (2011).
  • [jayan2012] Jayan Jose Thomas, India's Labour Market during the 2000s, Economic and Political Weekly, 47(51), (2012).
  • [jayan2014] Jayan Jose Thomas, The Demographic Challenge and Employment Growth in India, Economic and Political Weekly, 49(6), (2014). link.
  • [jose1973wage] Jose, Wage rates of agricultural labourers in Kerala, Economic and Political Weekly, 281-288 (1973).
  • [jose1974trends] Jose, Trends in real wage rates of agricultural labourers, Economic and Political Weekly, A25-A30 (1974).
  • [jose1978real] Jose, Real wages, employment, and income of agricultural labourers, Economic and Political Weekly, A16-A20 (1978).
  • [josewages1988] Jose, Agricultural wages in India, Economic and Political Weekly, 46-58 (1988).
  • [krishnaji1971wages] Krishnaji, Wages of agricultural labour, Economic and Political Weekly, A148-A151 (1971).
  • [ranjansom1960] Ranjan Kumar Som, Agricultural Labour in India: Its Characteristics as Revealed by National Sample Survey, Economic Weekly, 1543-1552 (1960). link.
  • [ravi2005] Ravi Srivastava & Richa Singh, Economic Reform and Agricultural Wages in India, Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 48(2), (2005). link.
  • [shaw2013b] Abhishek Shaw, Employment Trends in India, Economic and Political Weekly, 48(42), (2013).
  • [shaw2013] Abhishek Shaw, Comparing NSSO's Employment Surveys - A Methodological Note, Economic and Political Weekly, 48(30), (2013).
  • [usamiwages2011] Yoshifumi Usami, A Note on Recent Trends in Wage Rates in Rural India, Review of Agrarian Studies, 1(1), 149-182 (2011). link.
  • [usamiwages2012] Usami, Recent Trends in Wage Rates in Rural India: An Update, Review of Agrarian Studies, 2(1), 171-181 (2012). link.
  • [vinoj2007] Vinoj Abraham, Growth and Inequality of Wages in India: Recent Trends and Patterns, Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 50(4), 927-942 (2007). link.
  • [ghanekar1997wage] Jayanti Ghanekar, Sorry State of Agricultural Wage Data-Sources and Methods of Collection, Economic and Political Weekly, 32(19), (1997).
  • [acharya1989wages] Sarthi Acharya, Agricultural Wages in India: A Disaggregated Analysis, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 44(2), (1989).
  • [rao1972agricultural] Rao, Agricultural Wages in India: A Reliability Analysis', Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 27(3), 39-61 (1972).

comments powered by Disqus